The basic concepts of the logistics

Material concept: the concept of "objects" in the logistics refers to all the physical position of material. An important feature of "matter" referred to in the logistics, its physical displacement occurs, the frame of reference of this displacement is Earth. Fixed facilities, not the logistics of the object you want to study. 

the concept of stream flow: Logistics of "flow", refers to the physical movement. Circulation: the "flow" of the logistics business was misunderstood "circulation". Essentials and circulation concept of "flow" established contact. Contact is the circulation process, the material often accompanied by physical displacement exchange occurred in such physical displacement is the ultimate realization of the transfer process of the circulation of objects indispensable. Logistics is a pursuit of value-added-value-added services. Category from the logistics point of view, including: packaging, handling, storage, inventory management, distribution, processing, transportation, distribution and other activities.

Logistics division macro logistics: the logistics activities of social reproduction overall logistics activities, awareness and research from the perspective of the overall social reproduction. This logistics activities participate in large industries constitute the society as a whole, large group, macro logistics logistics activities and logistics behavior is the study of social reproduction overall logistics, research industry or Group. Micro logistics: consumers, producers enterprises engaged in the actual, specific logistics activities are micro logistics. Entire logistics activities of a local link specific logistics activities are micro logistics. Occurred in a small geographical space specific logistics activities are micro logistics.

Service goals of the five major objectives of the logistics system: the logistics system is part of the circulation system of the role of the bridge, a link, it specifically links the production and reproduction, production and consumption, and therefore requires a strong service. In terms of technology, emerged in recent years of "on time delivery methods, flexible delivery methods, but also their service performance. Fast, timely goals: timeliness is not only an extension of the service, is also in circulation on the logistics requirements. Quickly, in a timely manner is both a traditional target is a modern target. Savings goal: saving is important law of the economic sphere, in the logistics field in addition to the circulation time savings, consumption and basically does not increase or improve the use value of goods due to the circulation process, so leading savings to lower input, is to improve the relative production the important means. Large-scale goals: Logistics scale as the target of the logistics system, in order to pursue "economies of scale". Inventory adjustment goal: the extension of the service, but also of macro-control requirements, of course, also relates to the effectiveness of the logistics system. The main functional elements of the logistics system: ① logistics facilities; ② logistics equipment; ③ logistics tools; (4) information technology and network; ⑤ organization and management.

logistics rationalization of logistics rationalization of logistics management to pursue the overall goal. It is adjusted improvement of logistics equipment configuration and logistics organizations, to achieve overall optimization of the logistics system. The so-called logistics rationalization of logistics equipment configuration and all logistics activities is more reasonable. Reasonable that finishing this generation, specific performance is possible logistics costs, to obtain the highest possible service levels.

Logistics and transport

Transportation needs can be achieved through three basic ways. First of all, you can use a private fleet of equipment; professional transportation companies signed a contract of carriage, an enterprise can be provided to a variety of conditions shipped separately transport carrier scheduled service. The three forms of transport that is typical of so-called private transportation, contract transport and public transport. From the point of view of the logistics system, there are three factors in terms of transportation is very important, that is, the cost, speed and consistency.

The design of the logistics system must accurately maintain the balance between transportation costs and quality of service. In some cases, the low cost and the slow transportation will be satisfactory, while in some other cases, quick service might be the key to achieving operational objective. To explore and manage the expectations of low-cost, high-quality transportation, logistics one of the most basic responsibility.
Transport and logistics network managers should keep in mind the following three points: First, the choice of logistics facilities established, according to create the structure of the network structure of the demand for transport, but also limits the options available; Secondly, shipped as early as the cost involved the range is wider than the waybill; occasional inconsistencies delivery service, the transport capacity should be integrated into the logistics system to the entire effort is likely to go down the drain. The logistics of the concept, with commodity production, circulation and consumption needs of the people, has drawn increasing attention. Term, logistics in China started using emerging, such as logistics companies, logistics center. The logistics of the enterprise can win a decisive role in the market has become more and more obvious. Essentially said that the performance of the enterprise on the market by the quality of the product, price and product supply three Su determine any of these factors play an important effect on the competitiveness of enterprises, while these three factors were directly affected by the impact of logistics. Re-division of the world economy in the longitudinal direction of the industry, suppliers, clothes off, trade and logistics company, logistics company involved in the production, and sale of part of the emergence of the inevitable trend of the development of the logistics industry. With the change in the way of the production and management of modern enterprises and market changes of the external conditions, such third-party logistics "(third? Party? Logistics) logistics morphology begun to attract attention, and showed great interest in this. In the Western developed countries, advanced logistics model of the enterprise has begun to shift even fourth party logistics direction to the third-party logistics.

What is a third-party logistics

    The concept of third-party logistics (third party? Logistics) from the management (out-souring) means enterprises to dynamically configure itself and other enterprise functions and services, the use of external resources for the production and operation of enterprises within Service. (Out-souring) the introduction of the field of logistics management, gave rise to the concept of third-party logistics. The so-called third-party logistics refers to the production and operation of enterprises to concentrate their efforts on the main industry, originally belonging to handle the logistics activities entrusted to the professional logistics service enterprises by way of contract, to maintain close contact with both information systems and logistics service company, in order to achieve logistics full management and control of a logistics operation and management. Also known as contract logistics third party logistics (Contract? Logistics). Engaged in third-party logistics enterprises in the commissioning party logistics demand driven, from simple storage, transportation and other individual activities to provide comprehensive logistics services, including logistics activities of the organization, coordination and management, design recommendations for optimal logistics solutions logistics full information collection, management, and so on. The concept of third-party logistics Western distribution industry acceptance.

    In the past few decades, the logistics of the enterprise can win a decisive role in the market has become more and more obvious. In essence, the performance of the enterprise on the market mainly by the quality of the product, price and product supply three factors, any of these factors play an important effect on the competitiveness of enterprises, while these three factors were directly affected by the impact of logistics. Re-division of the world economy in the longitudinal direction of the industry, suppliers, customers, trade and logistics company, logistics company involved in the production, and sale of part of the emergence of the inevitable trend of the development of the logistics industry. Third-party logistics to supply chain participants to bring a lot of benefits and convenience, and therefore subject to the immensely popular, huge market potential, will become the mainstream of the logistics industry in the next century.

Third party logistics market situation: third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers and middlemen in the form of a contract within a certain period of time, to provide all or part of the logistics services business needs. Is a third party logistics provider for external customers to manage, control and provide logistics services operating company, they do not place the product in the supply chain, the only third-party services, but by providing a complete set of logistics activities in the product supply chain.

The modern sense of the third party logistics industry is about 10-15 years old. In the United States, third-party logistics industry is still in the development phase of the product life cycle; generally considered in Europe, especially in Britain, the third-party logistics market there is a certain degree of maturity. The proportion of third-party logistics services in Europe is currently about 76%, about 58% in the United States, and its demand is still growing. The study showed that, Europe 24% and 33% of the U.S. non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services; Europe 62% and 72% of the U.S. third-party logistics service users that they may increase in three years, on the third-party logistics services use. Some industry observers have to estimate the size of the market, the equivalent of $ 420 billion size of the market throughout the United States third-party logistics industry, the size of the potential logistics market in Europe is estimated to be approximately $ 950 billion.

Thus, the world's third-party logistics market has great potential for progressive and high growth rate of the special permit. This situation allows third-party logistics industry has a large number of service providers, the majority of third-party logistics services company is starting from the traditional "logistics" industry developed, such as warehousing, transportation, air transportation, shipping, freight forwarding and logistics department within the enterprise, according to the different needs of customers by providing distinctive service success. There are hundreds of third-party logistics providers, most companies start is not a third-party logistics services company. But gradually developed into the industry. Third-party logistics services now mostly concentrated in the traditional sense of the transport, warehousing within the context of the transport, warehousing enterprises on the content of these services has a more profound understanding of, and have some experience of each individual service content, the key is How will these individual services organically combined to provide the overall scheme of the logistics and transport.

Western developed countries, third-party logistics practice, the following points are noteworthy: first, expanding the scope of the logistics business. Commercial organizations and major companies face increasingly fierce competition had to focus on the core business, transportation, warehousing and other related business sectors by more professional logistics companies operate, in order to save and efficient; the other hand Logistics enterprises to improve the quality of service, but also continue to broaden the scope of business to provide ancillary services. Second, many successful logistics companies negotiating the terms of the first party, the second party analysis comparing themselves operating costs and agency costs, flexibility in the use of self-care and agent are two ways to provide customized logistics services. Third, the development of the logistics industry has great potential, and has broad prospects for development.